A system can be defined by a model, real (scale model) or virtual …
A vehicle with conventional powertrain is using an internal combustion engine (gasoline or …
Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles (MHEV) – examples
The fuel consumption of a vehicle is directly linked with its CO2 emissions. …
Real world fuel consumption
In an industrial plant, a closed-loop control system has the role of keeping …
On-off control system
Depending on the complexity of the control system, the block diagram can be …
Transfer function algebra
Electric vehicles are using electric machines for propulsion and energy recuperation. An electric …
EV design – electric motors
In every engineering domain using mathematical modeling and simulations brings several benefits during …
EV design – battery simulation
The high voltage battery it is one of the most important component of …
EV design – battery calculation
The high voltage battery of an electric vehicle (EV) is one of the …
EV design – energy consumption
Vehicle design is a very complex domain since it involves a lot of …
EV design – introduction
In mathematics there are several types of ordinary differential equations (ODE), like linear, …
Euler integration method for solving differential equations
Advantages of electric vehicles compared to internal combustion engine vehicles Pure electric vehicles, …
Advantages of electric vehicles
In the automotive industry, the Research and Development (R&D) of new powertrain systems …
What drives forward R&D for passenger vehicles and powertrain systems?
Linear functions are the simplest algebraic functions. They have an important property which …
The principle of superposition
In a passenger vehicle, the role of a transmission is to adapt the …
Automated Manual Transmission (AMT)
In a vehicle fitted with a manual transmission (MT), the clutch engagement and …
Electronic clutch control
Turbocharging is the most common used technology in internal combustion engines for forced intake …
Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT)
In an internal combustion engine (ICE) powered vehicle, the engine is connected to …