Table of Contents Introduction OSI Model Data Encapsulation 7 – Application Layer 6 …
Table of Contents Introduction ICEV powertrain Engine Transmission Transfer case Propeller shaft Differential …
Powertrain vs. Drivetrain
Table of Contents Definition Main Parameters Example Equations Curves Calculation Summary Definition A …
Electric Vehicle Motor Torque and Power Curves
Table of Contents Introduction Impact of battery pack resistance on performance Battery cell …
How to calculate the internal resistance of a battery pack
Table of Contents Battery cell discharge characteristic Discharge curves generation process Challenges of …
Analytical solution for battery cell discharge characteristic
Table of Contents Introduction Equation System response Example Tuning Conclusions References Introduction A …
Proportional (P) controller
Table of Contents Introduction Battery cell C-rate Battery cell discharge characteristic Battery cell …
How to calculate the internal resistance of a battery cell
Table of Contents Introduction Active power Reactive power Summary References Introduction In alternating …
Active vs Reactive Power
Table of Contents Definition Formula Road slope Example Calculator References Definition The road …
How to calculate road slope (gradient) force
Table of Contents Definition Formula Drag coefficient Frontal area Aerodynamic drag force Aerodynamic …
How to calculate aerodynamic drag force
Table of Contents Definition Formula Rolling resistance coefficient Models for rolling resistance coefficient …
How to calculate rolling resistance
Table of Contents Definition Driven (pushed) wheels Driving (traction) wheels Pulled wheels Motor …
How to calculate wheel curb climbing torque
Table of Contents Definition Formula Electric potential energy of two charges Electric potential …
How to calculate electric potential energy
Table of Contents Definition Formula Example Calculator References Definition Gravitational potential energy refers …
How to calculate gravitational potential energy
Table of Contents Definition Formula Ni-MH battery cell example Tesla battery pack example …
How to calculate battery energy
Table of Contents Definition Formula Example using voltage and charge Example using power …
How to calculate electric energy
Table of Contents Definition Formula Example Calculator References Definition Internal energy is the …
How to calculate internal energy
Table of Contents Definition Wind energy formula Wind turbine energy formula Example Calculator …
How to calculate wind energy and wind turbine energy
Table of Contents Definition Formula Periodic wave example Random wave example Calculator References …
How to calculate wave energy
Table of Contents Definition Formula Example Calculator References Definition Hydraulic energy is the …
How to calculate hydraulic energy
Table of Contents Definition Formula Wheel example Flywheel example Calculator References Definition Any …
How to calculate rotational kinetic energy
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